AWWA ACE56223

In many areas of the world, utilities have pursued projects that utilize current water resources to plan for future droughts, to protect water resources, to recharge wellfields and/or to store water for use at a later time. A benefit could be realized if the water could be stored for later use rather than discharged to rivers, reservoirs, oceans or other sources. The use of alternative groundwater injection programs has been proposed to address the need for conserving scarce water resources. However, injecting waters of less than pristine (or impaired) quality has met with limited success or significant resistance. The resistance is caused by the risk of effects to the public should these waters be recovered in water supply wells at a later point in time. For groundwater injection projects, the regulatory agencies appear to believe that viral agents pose the greatest risk, since viruses are thought to move farther and faster than other biological constituents, and to retain their viability for lengthy periods of time. Risk is defined as the probability of causing a response (infection) in an individual who later consumes the injected water. Unfortunately, there is virtually no data on viral impacts, so any risk analysis will need to incorporate methods that can deal with limited data. The use of predictive Bayesian methods meets this criterion. Includes 8 references, table, figures.

Product Details

Edition:

Vol. - No.

Published:

06/16/2002

Number of Pages:

12

File Size:

1 file , 350 KB