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AWWA ACE61820
- Economical Nitrate Reduction for Contaminated Drinking Water Sources Using Hydrogen-based Membrane Biofilm Reactor
- Conference Proceeding by American Water Works Association, 06/17/2005
- Publisher: AWWA
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Bench-scale testing of an economical hollow-fiber membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) that useshydrogen for microbial nitrate removal has been conducted on four groundwater samples collected fromCalifornia's Central San Joaquin Valley. The water sources had elevated levels of nitrate (threeexceeding 14 mg-N/L) and varying concentrations of naturally occurring and anthropogenic chemicals.In all of the samples, nitrate was reduced to less than 0.5 mg-N/L. Other contaminants of concern,including arsenate, perchlorate/chlorate and dibromochloropropane (DBCP), were also reduced during thebench tests. The hydrogen-based MBfR is superior to heterotrophic biological denitrification processes,because hydrogen is the most economical reductant for microbial degradation, leaves no residual, andgenerates minimal excess biomass. In addition, the MBfR process eliminates costly and difficult wastedisposal of salt streams from the competitive ion exchange and reverse osmosis processes. Informationfrom the bench-scale testing is being directed toward engineering scale up evaluations for well-head pilotscaletesting and eventual full-scale demonstration. Includes 38 references, tables, figures.
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