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AWWA ACE63177
- Impact of Flocculation Hydraulic Retention Time on Performance of Membrane Filtration
- Conference Proceeding by American Water Works Association, 06/01/2006
- Publisher: AWWA
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The impact of hydraulic retention time (HRT) for flocculation was examined with respectto its impact on fouling of immersed ultrafiltration membranes. Surface water from LakeOntario, Canada was coagulated using polyaluminum chloride (PACl), aluminumsulphate (alum) and ferric chloride. Each source of coagulated water was sent to multipleflocculation tanks with different hydraulic retention times varying from 0-25 minutes.The impact of hydraulic retention time on fouling rate, TOC removal and metals residualswas evaluated. Longer HRT values significantly lowered the fouling rates for alum andferric chloride, however little impact was found for PACl. No impact of HRT on TOCremovals was found, however metals residuals were significantly affected by HRT insome cases. Includes 4 references, tables, figures.
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