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AWWA ACE63221
- Understanding Physicochemical Properties of GAC for Monochloramine Destruction
- Conference Proceeding by American Water Works Association, 06/01/2006
- Publisher: AWWA
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Monochloramine reduction in fixed-bed reactors (FBRs) was quantified at three empty-bed contact times(EBCTs) using five types of granular activated carbon (GAC) and two background waters (lake water andsynthetic organic-free water). For a given set of influent conditions, chosen to mimic that of drinkingwater utilities that practice chloramination, steady-state monochloramine effluent concentrations werereached following a period of higher removal. Steady-state monochloramine reduction varied withbackground water and GAC type. The deleterious impact of natural organic matter (NOM) was found tobe directly related to the GAC surface area contained within pores greater than 2 nm in width, whichindicated predominantly microporous GACs were suitable for monochloramine reduction in FBRs.While all GACs showed intrinsic catalytic capability for monochloramine reduction, such properties wereenhanced with decreasing GAC acidity and the presence of nitrogen-containing functional groups such aslactams and imides. Includes 20 references, tables, figures.
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