• AWWA ACE70632
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AWWA ACE70632

  • Simultaneous Compliance for Hard Water: Softening Isn't Only about Hardness Removal
  • Conference Proceeding by American Water Works Association, 11/01/2009
  • Publisher: AWWA

$12.00$24.00


This powerpoint presentation begins by providing a brief overview of the requirement for public water systems (PWS) to balancecompeting regulatory water quality requirements, and also to meetsecondary water quality goals. Utilities and primacy agencies need toanticipate softening interactions/challenges. A brief overview of hardness is presented, along with problems caused by hard water, softening technologies, water quality impacts of softening, simultaneous compliance interactions, and softening practices have a profound impact onsimultaneous compliance challenges. An example of straight lime softening at Bay City, Michigan, is presented, along with new disinfectant combinations each have the uniquepotential for simultaneous compliance challenges. Includes 6 references, tables, figures.

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