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AWWA ACE91019
- Slow Sand Filtration of Cysts and Other Particulates
- Conference Proceeding by American Water Works Association, 01/01/1991
- Publisher: AWWA
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Studies have shown that slow sand filters are capable of at least a 2-log reduction of Giardia cysts. Cryptosporidium oocysts are smaller and more resistant to disinfection than Giardia cysts. A pilot study was conducted at Pennsylvania State University on the ability of slow sand filters to remove Giardia, Cryptosporidium, coliforms, and turbidity. The study showed that slow sand filters can achieve greater than 3-log reduction of Giardia and Cryptosporidium. In addition, greater than 95 percent of the coliform bacteria can be removed and an effluent turbidity of 0.3 NTU is attainable. In addition to results of the pilot plant study, the author offers some information on design and operation of slow sand filters.
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