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AWWA ACE95073
- A Combined Iron Oxide Adsorption and Ultrafiltration Process for Natural Organic Matter Removal and Fouling Control
- Conference Proceeding by American Water Works Association, 01/01/1995
- Publisher: AWWA
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In recent years, membrane technology has been extensively investigated for water treatment. In addition to removing particulates, some membrane processes are able to remove a significant amount of natural organic matter (NOM). However, these membranes are also more easily fouled by NOM than those membranes that have larger pores. This research investigates and describes an integrated process which combines iron oxide adsorption and ultrafiltration (UF) as a way to accomplish good NOM removal with minimal fouling. The researchers concluded that membrane fouling occurs primarily by adsorption of NOM on the surface, followed by formation of a gel that bridges across the pores; ultrafiltration membranes can be fouled by NOM even if a negligible amount of NOM is retained by the membrane; and the fouling potential of NOM molecules is not closely related to their size.
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