AWWA ACE95132

This paper presents a Reservoir Efficiency Graph to assist contact time (CT) reservoir designers and describes the benefits of this design tool to estimate the required reservoir length-to-width ratio and the inlet/outlet hydraulic requirements to achieve a target contact time. This graph has been used successfully for several CT reservoir designs for Alaskan, Canadian, and Lower 48 projects. This design tool was first used to develop the baffle and inlet/outlet piping design for the City of Unalaska's chlorine contact reservoir. Unalaska's cold, unfiltered water source requires significant disinfection contact time to meet the minimum 3-log inactivation credit requirement of the US Environmental Protection Agency's Surface Water Treatment Rule. Design elements such as the baffle system and multi-port inlet/outlet piping are presented, and the results of a 1994 tracer test study are reported.

Product Details

Published:

01/01/1995

ISBN(s):

0898678358

Number of Pages:

21

File Size:

1 file , 1.7 MB