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AWWA ACE95136
- An Approach for Handling Sprinklers, Hydrants and Orifices in Water Distribution System Models
- Conference Proceeding by American Water Works Association, 01/01/1995
- Publisher: AWWA
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This paper presents a simple approach using the Hazen-Williams equation and an equivalent pipe length (or minor loss coefficient) to accurately determine head loss and discharge from sprinklers, hydrants and orifices. The method presented provides an easy way to calculate discharge from a sprinkler or orifice using a pipe network model which does not explicitly consider sprinklers and orifices. The first half of the paper describes how to calculate flow from sprinklers while the second describes how to calculate flow from hydrants and other orifices where velocity head effects can be significant.
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