AWWA ACE95163

Mixing and water quality models may be categorized as mathematical or physical models. Mathematical models utilize equations to describe the mixing and water quality dynamics while physical models are actual scale models of the facility. Two general types of mathematical models have been applied to finished water storage facilities: systems models and hydrodynamically based models. With systems models, emphasis is placed on matching field data of the water quality entering and leaving the storage facility. Examples of systems models include the completely mixed (CSTR) model, plug flow models and multi-compartment models. On the other hand, hydrodynamic models utilize flow equations derived from the full Navier-Stokes equations to simulate the internal behavior of flow within the tank or reservoir. A class of models referred to as Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models, used in a wide range of chemical and thermodynamic applications, may be set up to represent different tank and reservoir configurations. Physical scale models may be constructed to simulate any tank or reservoir configuration. Such models rely upon similitude principles to assure that they adequately represent the behavior in the actual larger facility. Dyes or other tracers are used to study the internal mixing characteristics. Each of these types of models have various advantages and costs which are discussed in this paper and may be used in studies of tanks and reservoirs. Each of the aforementioned types of models was applied in a study of chlorine dynamics in the recently constructed Ed Heck Reservoir in Azusa, California.

Product Details

Published:

01/01/1995

ISBN(s):

0898678358

Number of Pages:

27

File Size:

1 file , 1.2 MB