AWWA ACE99564

The objective of this project was to collect and analyze existing information on membrane concentrate reuse in water treatment processes and compile a complete report on this subject. 240 membrane plants/utilities were surveyed with 92 responses to date. 20 stated that membrane processes were no longer being used at that facility. Therefore, the data presented is based upon 70 partially or fully completed surveys. The data is broken down by type of membrane process used, by source water, by concentrate discharge method and by EPA Region. Separating the data by source water provides a look at which membrane processes are typically used to treat certain types of source water, as well as the target contaminants of different sources. Dividing by concentrate discharge method allows examination of what permits are required for different discharge methods. Breaking down the data by EPA region indicates what areas of the United States are using which membrane processes and which disposal methods are allowed.

Product Details

Published:

01/01/1999

ISBN(s):

1583210016

Number of Pages:

18

File Size:

1 file , 210 KB