AWWA DSS92020

One of the main parameters that is adjusted to calibrate pipe network simulation models is the C factor, which is a measurement of internal friction. Though most hydraulic texts and handbooks give average values for new pipes made from various materials, it is more difficult to estimate C values for old pipes. This paper reviews methods for estimating how time and water quality affect C factors. It concludes with a case study from the McCord well field of the Memphis Light, Gas, and Water system. This paper shows the equations used and explains the rationale for a C value for older pipe. The application of this method of estimating C factors proved to be very successful.

Product Details

Published:

01/01/1993

ISBN(s):

0898676665

Number of Pages:

7

File Size:

1 file , 190 KB