AWWA JAW20091

Research described in this article was conducted to evaluate removal efficiencies of the slow sand filter in use at Empire, Colorado, with respect to Giardia cysts, microscopic organisms, and turbidity, to determine guidelines for the design of slow sand filters, and to describe the operating performance of the slow sand filter. Giardia cysts were found in the raw water on five occasions, but none were found in the finished water. Microscopic organisms and particles were found in the raw water but either zero or rare numbers were found in the finished water. Performance characteristics and recommended design guidelines with respect to depth of sand bed and projected life of the bed, freezing, overflow, air binding, sand recycling, pilot plant studies, Giardia cyst and microorganism removal, scraping, and breakin time required are discussed. Includes 7 references, tables, figures.

Product Details

Edition:

Vol. 78 - No. 12

Published:

12/01/1986

Number of Pages:

7

File Size:

1 file , 2.7 MB