• AWWA JAW34246
Provide PDF Format

Learn More

AWWA JAW34246

  • Journal AWWA - The Energy Policy Act: Assessing Its Impact on Utilities
  • Journal Article by American Water Works Association, 08/01/1993
  • Publisher: AWWA

$15.00$30.00


With passage of the federal Energy Policy Act in 1992, the United Sates will have uniform water efficiency standards for nearly all toilets, urinals, showerheads, and faucets manufactured after January 1994. Based on the combination of fixtures of different ages now in use, the average 2.63-person household uses about 121 gal/day for toilets, showerheads, and faucets. This will probably drop to about 55 gal/day by 2026 as the pre-1994 generation of fixtures is replaced by the post-1994 stock. The reduced water demand and wastewater volumes will influence policy and planning decision of utilities. Some systems may need to determine the age and water demand of representative plumbing fixtures used in the community to determine conditions that will affect future demand. Oversized meters may need to be replaced to accommodate lower water usage. The author proposes that all toilet manufacturers be required after 1994 to provide a minimum 10-year leak-free guarantee on all toilets produced. Use of treatment chemicals, utility demand for energy, and related energy combustion emissions are all expected to decrease with reduced water consumption. Includes 12 references, tables, figures.

Related Products

AWWA ACE58103

AWWA ACE58103

Reaching Today's Utility Audiences - Why There is No Such Thing as the General Public..

$12.00 $24.00

AWWA ACE91078

AWWA ACE91078

Fate of Chlorination By-Products During Effluent Recharge: Implications for Potable Water Recovery..

$12.00 $24.00

AWWA QTC97158

AWWA QTC97158

Effective Quality Assurance Principles for the Drinking Water Environmental Laboratory..

$12.00 $24.00

AWWA IMTECH57892

AWWA IMTECH57892

Creating a Cyber Security Policy..

$12.00 $24.00