• AWWA JAW60120
Provide PDF Format

Learn More

AWWA JAW60120

  • A Proposed C x T Table for the Synergistic Inactivation of Cryptosporidium with Ozone and Chloramine
  • Journal Article by American Water Works Association, 06/01/2004
  • Publisher: AWWA

$15.00$30.00


Among chemical disinfectants, ozone and chloride dioxide have been deemed the only viable barriers against Cryptosporidium oocysts. Chlorine and chloramine have been considered ineffective against Cryptosporidium, and no C ¿ T table for the inactivation of Cryptosporidium with chlorine and chloramine is included in the proposed Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (LT2ESWTR). However, the concept of synergistic inactivation between a strong disinfectant (such as ozone) and a weak disinfectant (such as chlorine or chloramine) has been discussed in the literature, and several researchers have published results of their investigations. The authors of this article consolidated data from three of these studies and used them to develop a C ¿ T table for the inactivation of Cryptosporidium with chloramine downstream of ozone. Their findings indicate that synergistic Cryptosporidium inactivation with extended chloramine contact time downstream of ozone can provide substantial benefits to water treatment plants. Utility managers may find the article's conclusions and proposed table help to improve their facilities' ability to meet potential Cryptosporidium inactivation under the LT2ESWTR. It is the authors' hope that such a C ¿ T table will be included in the rule's final version.

Related Products

AWWA JAW6147

AWWA JAW6147

Journal AWWA - Increasing Employee Security and Productivity With Computers ..

$15.00 $30.00

AWWA WQTC52994

AWWA WQTC52994

Optimizing Cryptosporidium Inactivation Credit With Ozone at Las Vegas Using the Integrated Disinfec..

$12.00 $24.00

AWWA ACE61703

AWWA ACE61703

Organic Chloramine Formation in Model Distribution Systems..

$12.00 $24.00

AWWA ACE58129

AWWA ACE58129

The Optimization of MF/UF Membrane Systems on Direct and Clarified Feed Applications - a Real Life E..

$12.00 $24.00