• AWWA MTC61228
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AWWA MTC61228

  • Life Cycle Economics: Comparative Evaluations of SWRO Energy Recovery Devices
  • Conference Proceeding by American Water Works Association, 03/01/2005
  • Publisher: AWWA

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This paper now examines the costs, capital and operating, of the various competitive energy recovery devices (ERDs), as theywould be encountered over a warranty period, assumed here to be 5 years. The Francis turbine hasbeen excluded because of its significantly poorer efficiency relative to the other devices. Also, inthe last 3 years, ERD manufacturers have made significant improvements in their units and thispaper updates the power consumption of all devices based on information from current internationaltenders.Basic case study conditions for this paper are 800-psi (55 bar) to 900-psig (62 bar) single stage,operating applied pressure over 5 years at an availability of 95%, 36,000 mg/L feed waterconcentration and 45% recovery. Case differences include temperature variances from 18° C to 25°C with plant capacities at 2 MGD (7,570 m<sup>3</sup>/d), 12 MGD (45,420 m<sup>3</sup>/d and 35 MGD (132,475m<sup>3</sup>/d). The ageing factor of the spiral wound cartridges, required to establish the pressure increasewith time, is assumed at 7%/yr. For simplicity and symbolism of every device's performance, justone membrane manufacturer's computer projection program is used. The cases considered alsohave varying power costs of 4¢/kWh, 10¢/kWh and 25¢/kWh. High-pressure and booster pumpsand motor types, VFD usage, train sizes, etc. are chosen via "industry standards" to be compatiblewith the capacities under study. Train sizes of 0.5 MGD (1,893 m<sup>3</sup>/d) for the low capacity system, 2MGD (7,570 m<sup>3</sup>/d) for the middle capacity system and 3.5 MGD (13,248 m<sup>3</sup>/d) largest system willbe used. Membrane projections assume 6 cartridges per pressure vessel and will base pressures, etc.,on initial startup and five year projections for simplicity. Includes tables, figures.

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