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AWWA MTC64637
- The Ammonia- Carbon Dioxide Forward Osmosis Desalination Process: A High Recovery Alternative to Reverse Osmosis
- Conference Proceeding by American Water Works Association, 03/01/2007
- Publisher: AWWA
$12.00$24.00
The objectives of this slide presentation were to outline the viability of ammonia-carbon dioxide(NH<sub>3</sub>-CO<sub>2</sub>) forward osmosis;evaluate membrane performance under avariety of feed and draw solutionconcentrations; and, evaluate energy use. The presentation provides a schematic of the experimental setup, a homogenous dense membrane, an asymmetric membrane (FO mode), and figures are given for membrane performance results and energy usage. Concluding remarks include:NH<sub>3</sub>-CO<sub>2</sub> forward osmosis may be a viable desalinationalternative;internal concentration polarization significantly hindersperformance, ICP is more severe for higher drawsolution concentrations;the presence of ICP forces the use of higher drawsolution concentrations, increasing the load on the drawsolute recovery system; and,tailoring of a membrane for forward osmosis would helpreduce ICP phenomena and hence reduce energyrequirements and increased GOR. Includes figures.
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