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AWWA QTC97014
- Quantifying the Advantages of Tracer Studies to Estimate Giardia Inactivation: A Comparison of Disinfectant Needs, DBP Formation, and Associated Health Risks
- Conference Proceeding by American Water Works Association, 01/01/1997
- Publisher: AWWA
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The objective of this research was to assess the significance of the choice of method used to estimate disinfection effectiveness with respect to disinfection chemical requirements, the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and DBP-related health risks. Methods were compared to an approach advocated by the Surface Water Treatment Rule which employs CT values as a surrogate for microbial protection in the absence of direct pathogen monitoring. Differences in the estimation methods were attributed to how contact time was defined, how disinfectant concentration was characterized and how the fluid behavior was modeled. Up to six numerical methods to estimate Giardia inactivation were applied to define the concentration of disinfectant to be implemented at pilot-scale. Pilot studies were then used to generate DBP formation data and to assess treatment performance associated with various disinfectant addition points (raw, pre-filter, post-filter). Cancer potency factors were applied to DBP formation data to estimate potential DBP-related cancer risk.
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