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AWWA QTC97058
- Enhanced Softening: Calcium, Magnesium, TOC and Geography
- Conference Proceeding by American Water Works Association, 01/01/1997
- Publisher: AWWA
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Approximately 10% of the water treatment plants that will be subject to the proposed Disinfection/Disinfection Byproducts Rule (D/DBPR) and the Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (IESWTR) are softening plants. While much effort has been made by the water industry to understand the impacts of these rules on conventional coagulation/filtration plants, the same cannot be said for softening plants. The enhanced softening criteria in the proposed D/DBPR were set without benefit of modeling and with minimal data sets from softening plants as reference. In order to better understand the relationship of the softening process to total organic carbon (TOC) removal, members of the Technical Working Group surveyed the set of softening plants that are participating in the Information Collection Rule. This paper discusses the results of the survey.
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