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AWWA QTC98304
- Monitoring of Reverse Osmosis for Virus Rejection
- Conference Proceeding by American Water Works Association, 01/01/1998
- Publisher: AWWA
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Several methods for monitoring the reverse osmosis (RO) membrane integrity were evaluated at a pilot-scale. These methods were classified as direct or indirect monitoring methods. The vacuum test was found to be a very promising direct monitoring method as it correlated well with virus rejection by the RO membranes. From the indirect real-time monitoring methods, On-line TOC monitoring was found to be more sensitive than on-line particle counting and conductivity monitoring. The use of more than one technique may be necessary to assure reliable operation of the membrane system.
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