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AWWA WQTC59020
- Water Quality Factors Affecting Hydroxyl Radicals and Bromate Formation During Ozonation
- Conference Proceeding by American Water Works Association, 11/02/2003
- Publisher: AWWA
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Formation of hydroxyl radicals (HO<sup>.</sup>) and bromate during ozonation is stronglyinfluenced by water quality and treatment variables. Quantification of HO<sup>.</sup> wasdetermined by introducing the R<sub>CT</sub> value, expressed as a ratio of HO<sup>.</sup> exposure (orconcentration) to ozone exposure (or concentration). Two phases of R<sub>CT</sub> were performedand the values of R<sub>CT</sub> remain unchanged at any specific time throughout the ozonationprocess with a set of water quality. Linear relationships were observed between extentsof water quality parameters and HO<sup>.</sup> concentration or rate of bromate formation. Bromateformation can be controlled by adding acid or ammonia to depress intermediate OBr<sup>-</sup>.Acid addition to lower water pH from ambient (8.2) to 7.5 and 6.5 reduced bromateformation by 30% and 80%, respectively. In comparison, adding ammonia reducedbromate formation up to 60% and 85% at pH 7.5 and 8.5, respectively. Ammonia's efficiency to mitigate bromate formation was lessened with lowered water pH. Includes 7 references, tables, figures.
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