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AWWA WQTC69493
- Treatment of Emerging Pathogens and Micropollutants with Potassium Ferrate(VI)
- Conference Proceeding by American Water Works Association, 11/01/2008
- Publisher: AWWA
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Potassium ferrate (K<sub>2</sub>FeO<sub>4</sub>, Fe(VI)), a powerful and environmentally friendly oxidizingagent, is attracting growing attention as an emerging water treatment chemical. This studyreports on recent work examining the effectiveness of Fe(VI) for oxidation ofpharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) and inactivation of viral pathogens (surrogatepathogen: coliphage MS2) during water treatment. Twelve PhACs from representativecompound classes were screened to assess potential reactivity with Fe(VI) on timescales ofinterest to water utilities. Eight of the 12 PhACs surveyed, including the antiepileptic drugcarbamazepine and phenolic endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs), were found to havemoderate to high reactivity with Fe(VI). Results also show that Fe(VI) is an effectivedisinfectant for MS2 phage. The CT value for 99% inactivation of MS2 is ~2 mg-min L-1 asFe at pH 7 and 25 ºC. Both rates of PhAC oxidation and virus inactivation are highlydependent upon solution pH, increasing with decreasing pH as Fe(VI) speciation shiftstowards more reactive protonated species (HFeO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup> and H<sub>2</sub>FeO<sub>4</sub>). Kinetic models that considerchanging speciation of both Fe(VI) and the reacting PhAC or virus, illustrated for the case ofcarbamazepine, were developed to account for pH-dependent reactivity trends. Includes 25 references, table, figures.
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