AWWA WQTC71522

The oxidation of bromide during drinking water treatment often results in the formationof brominated disinfection products (DBPs) (Diehl et al. 1995; Heller - Grossman et al.1999; Najm and Krasner 1995; Rebhun et al. 1990). For instance, the chlorination ofbromide-containing waters results in brominated trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloaceticacids (HAAs). The Stage 2 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts (D/DBP) Ruleestablished maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) of 80 and 60 µg/L for THM4 andHAA5, respectively (USEPA 2006). The potential for regulation of individual THMsand HAAs is expected to place more emphasis on the brominated DBPs, which areconsidered to be more toxic than their chlorinated counterparts (Echigo and Minear 2006;Plewa et al. 2002). During chloramination, bromide accelerates chloramine residualdemand/decay, possibly due to bromamine and bromochloramine formation (Gazda et al.1993; Gazda and Margerum 1994; Trofe et al. 1980). Utilities disinfecting desalinatedseawater have observed significant increases in chloramine decay as well as increases inbrominated DBP concentrations. This paper details progress made on determining therole of bromamines in DBP formation and chloramine stability as well as initial resultsfrom a method to indirectly measure bromamine concentrations followingchloramination. Includes 25 references, tables, figure.

Product Details

Edition:

Vol. - No.

Published:

11/01/2009

Number of Pages:

10

File Size:

1 file , 850 KB