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PRCI PR-15-9816
- Survey Of Dry Low NOx Combustor Experience
- Report / Survey by Pipeline Research Council International, 09/01/1999
- Publisher: PRCI
$298.00$595.00
L51814e
Southwest Research Institute
Need: Air pollution has become a major public issue and it is now evident that unburned hydrocarbons, CO, and NOx must meet increasingly restrictive standards. The emissions of nitrogen oxides by gas turbines are of concern because of their high toxicity and their role in the formation of photochemical smog. The formation of NOx occurs in a gas-fired gas turbine when combustion temperatures exceed a critical level for sufficient time to allow atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen to combine. For those gas turbine applications where steam or ultra-pure water are readily available, then steam or water injection are preferable NOx control strategies. Because these attributes are usually not available at pipeline compression stations, the turbine operators in the pipeline industry have chosen to control emissions by a dry combustion process. An alternative would be a catalytic reduction of the NOx generated in the exhaust gas but this requires an investment in SCR hardware and continuous use of ammonia, which adds to operating costs. Historically, dry low emissions (DLE) systems have experienced a greater than expected number of start-up problems as new products were introduced to the marketplace. A need of the gas pipeline industry is to identify the operating problems experienced with DLE systems, to link these problems to their most probable cause, to estimate costs incurred, and to glean strategies for avoiding future problems.
Result: A comprehensive PRCI sponsored survey of operators and manufacturers was completed which provides assistance to gas turbine operators in making NOx control procurement decisions and for budgeting operations and maintenance costs. This first ever detailed study provides information on typical operating costs and problems incurred with the currently operating DLE systems and serves as a guide for individual companies in the selection of cost effective low NOx combustion systems from available components offered by the OEM and after-market suppliers. The information developed by this report is intended to guide operators in estimating maintenance and repair costs to establish a lifetime cost of operation.
Benefits: Implementation of the findings of this report will result in improved effectiveness of DLE systems to reduce unwanted emissions, longer useful gas turbine operation life, control lifetime costs of turbine operation and a reduction in pollution.
Southwest Research Institute
Need: Air pollution has become a major public issue and it is now evident that unburned hydrocarbons, CO, and NOx must meet increasingly restrictive standards. The emissions of nitrogen oxides by gas turbines are of concern because of their high toxicity and their role in the formation of photochemical smog. The formation of NOx occurs in a gas-fired gas turbine when combustion temperatures exceed a critical level for sufficient time to allow atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen to combine. For those gas turbine applications where steam or ultra-pure water are readily available, then steam or water injection are preferable NOx control strategies. Because these attributes are usually not available at pipeline compression stations, the turbine operators in the pipeline industry have chosen to control emissions by a dry combustion process. An alternative would be a catalytic reduction of the NOx generated in the exhaust gas but this requires an investment in SCR hardware and continuous use of ammonia, which adds to operating costs. Historically, dry low emissions (DLE) systems have experienced a greater than expected number of start-up problems as new products were introduced to the marketplace. A need of the gas pipeline industry is to identify the operating problems experienced with DLE systems, to link these problems to their most probable cause, to estimate costs incurred, and to glean strategies for avoiding future problems.
Result: A comprehensive PRCI sponsored survey of operators and manufacturers was completed which provides assistance to gas turbine operators in making NOx control procurement decisions and for budgeting operations and maintenance costs. This first ever detailed study provides information on typical operating costs and problems incurred with the currently operating DLE systems and serves as a guide for individual companies in the selection of cost effective low NOx combustion systems from available components offered by the OEM and after-market suppliers. The information developed by this report is intended to guide operators in estimating maintenance and repair costs to establish a lifetime cost of operation.
Benefits: Implementation of the findings of this report will result in improved effectiveness of DLE systems to reduce unwanted emissions, longer useful gas turbine operation life, control lifetime costs of turbine operation and a reduction in pollution.
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